Birmingham Campaign Essay Example for Free

Birmingham Campaign Essay Campaign – Essay notes Cause †¢Underlying cause of history of slavery, emancipation, segregation/ Jim Crow laws. †¢Long term cause of growing Black Civil Rights movement building momentum and raising awareness of issue. Previous Black Civil rights campaigns that inspired and sparked e. g. Events such as Montgomery Bus Boycott which gave MLKing his first big leadership role. Also Freedom Riders, Brown VS board of Ed. †¢Birmingham was one of the worst segregated big cities in the USA †¢History of harsh and violent segregation and mistreatment of black citizens, KKK support and membership, epicentre of racism in the South †¢Government officials pro-segregation †¢SCLC- King’s group †¢NAACP was banned †¢Eg. Bull Connor and †¦.. †¢The failure of Albany- lack of publicity. †¢Event †¢Police violence †¢Dog attacks †¢High pressure hoses †¢Arrests. †¢By-standers violence †¢Children’s Crusade (primary and secondary) †¢Martin Luther King being arrested †¢Letter from Birmingham Jail †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Project C† = direct action and provocation †¢Non-violent provocations osit ins at White Churches, marches, boycotts, lunch counters etc. †¢Use of children to fuel protest Consequence †¢Publicity †¢National/International sympathy †¢White backlash – oSixteenth St Baptist Church bombing killing 4 girls oHotel bombed where Martin Luther King Jr and SCLC had stayed oMartin Luther King Jr’s brother Alfred’s house bombed †¢Riots †¢March on Washington †¢Civil Rights Act of 1964 †¢Governor Wallace sent State Troops to stop desegregation of schools and in response Present Kennedy sent Federal Troops. †¢Martin Luther King’s reputation (â€Å"I have a dream† speech). Nobel Peace prize 1964. †¢Positives: oâ€Å"Jim Crow† laws taken down desegregating public facilities eg Lunch counters, drinking fountains etc oAllowed Black employment oMore rights for Black citizens

Behavioral Treatment Programs for Methamphetamine Addiction Essay

Methamphetamine is a powerful and dangerous drug. It has the reputation as being a delightful and sneaky drug that robs your body of life. Although it has been around for over sixty years, it is only in the last 30 years that people have realized what a significant problem it has caused. Treatment for Methamphetamine remains mainly in the experimental stages and needs more research to find the exact treatment protocol. Methamphetamine addiction is extremely hard to treat (Lee& Rawson, 2009). The main reasons are due to the length of time it takes for the drug to pass through the body. Depending how much and how long the drug has been used determines the best course of treatment for a client(Inaba & Cohen, 2011). A person may need inpatient care in order to handle the withdrawal symptoms. Drug protocols are being researched, but none has been proven effective at this time. Pharmaceuticals have been combined with other treatments to lessen the symptoms that are the result of stopping Methamphertmine use. Most of the treatment consists of behavioral treatment programs. Trends Critique Cognitive Behavior Therapy is a form of talk therapy that is used to reframe and recondition the way an addict thinks about drug use (Baker & Lee, 2009). Cognitive Behavior Therapy teaches a meth addict ways to process information or stimuli similar to the 12 steps program, but the program is a more structured approach for the client(Masters, 2009). The therapy sessions usually consist of at least sixteen sessions. It assists the client in developing alternative thought patterns that replace the craving for the drug. This treatment protocol is easily adaptable to meet different cultural needs or bias. Methamphetamine addicts often experi... ...havior. References California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs (2007). Methamphetamine Treatment: Practitioners Reference. University of California. Drug Enforcement Administration Office of Diversion Control (2011). Controlled Substances Schedules. U. S. Department of Justice. Fee, E. (2011). Charles E. Terry (1878-1945): Early campaigner against drug addiction. American Journal of Public Health 101(3). Ghatak, S. (2012). The Opoumvois: The Biopolitics of Narcotic Control in the United States 1914-1935. [Critical Criminology]. 18(1). Accessed from SocIndex with full text on February 8, 2012. Glover-Kekvliet, J. (2009). The Methamphetamine Crisis in American Indian and Native Alaskan Communities: Towards a New Research Agenda. Addictions. 1(12). Hunt, D., Kuck, S. & Truitt, L. (2006). Methamphetamine Use: Lessons Learned. ABT

Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors Health And Social Care Essay

In this essay I will discourse a patient who had been enduring from Amyotrophic Lateral induration a signifier of Motor Neurone Disease which is a progressive, chronic and debilitating disease. I will discourse the consequence this disease has on the organic structure, look at differential diagnosing, the cardinal status impacting the organic structure by this disease, epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology and the associated pharmacological medicine that are all prevalent with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Motor Neurone Disease is a general term for a few differential discrepancies of the diseases which are combined under the one umbrella ( see appendix A ) the specific disease I will discourse is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ( ALS ) . From this point Motor Neurone Disease will be known as MND and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis known as ALS. The patient I attended was a 53 twelvemonth old who had been enduring from ALS. The patient when we arrived had died but had been in the terminal phases of the disease. In speaking with the household and acquiring a good societal and household history it became evident that this patient had led an active life style until she was diagnosed with ALS. In the early phases this patient managed herself but rapidly became unable to pull off her daily attention and required aid, due to the ALS the patient was known to us but I had ne'er attended to them before. In treatment with paramedic who I was on with they gave me a brief history of the patient so I was prepared when I went in. ALS comes under the umbrella of MND which affects the nervous system ( see Appendix B ) and can be divided into two countries the lower taking to muscle weakness/wasting ( wasting ) and the upper taking to stiffness, abnormally active physiological reactions by and large nonvoluntary and each impacting different countries of the organic structure in changing grades. The forecast for ALS is Death, as it affects the upper and lower nervous system ( see Appendix B1 ) . MND It is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease, nevertheless depending on countries affected it may take a few old ages or it can take longer. There is no remedy for MND and the pharmacological medicine is restricted. The pharmacological medicine for the patient was Riluzule in the early phases can decelerate down the devastation of the motor nerve cells as it is a neuroprotector, Baclofen is prescribed as a musculus relaxer which is used to handle the cramps and stiffness caused by the musculuss, Dantrolene is prescribed to handle long term musculus cramps and stiffness though it can besides do liver harm, Diazepam ( diazepam ) is prescribed for its ataractic consequence and helps command the musculus cramp and stiffness these along with other general medicines and with the aid of psychological and emotional support signifier household, friends and other bureaus all assisted the patient with get bying with their ALS. This patient was in ventilatory failure which is the terminal phase of the disease. On Arrival the patient was still on the ventilator and the Patients ‘ household were around her they stated that she had been experiencing ailing different signifier the disease itself and that she had non been herself, the patient was still able to pass on utilizing her eyes although this was going a strain on her and was now passing greater lengths of clip asleep. The patient had retained her sense of temper throughout the disease. The household managed all the daily patient attention themselves as they stated that they knew her best and as the disease progressed and the patient was unable to vocalize any longer they were still able to understand what was wanted. On Examination the patient had no bosom beat and remained in cardiac arrest, patient students were fixed, all marks of life were negative apart from the ventilator. The household knew that the patient had died but we had to repeat that and do certain as they had requested us to go forth ventilator switched on at that clip which meant that there were breath sounds although false reading as it was mechanical aided airing and there was no existent external respiration attempt from the patient it was explained to the patients sister and hubby that although the ventilator is still on it may be confounding for any of the other relations that were coming to understand and particularly for the patients kids as there were no marks of life but the noise of the ventilator might intend they got confused. Dr was called one time we had arrived and we explained what was go oning and as it was the GP that usually attended to the patients ongoing attention we requested that they attend the house. Dr pronounced the patients ‘ decease and was able to exchange off the ventilator as this was what the household wished, during this clip asperity had begun. The household and Dr stated that the patient was cognizant of the result of the disease and that the patient had a DNAR in topographic point which the Dr brought with them as it was a new issue and the one the household had was out of day of the month. I realised through speech production with the household that the symptoms of this disease were similar to other nervous system diseases and that I knew really small about this I decided I would read up on the disease and larn how these types of neurological diseases affect people. Differential Diagnosis: In order to derive the right diagnosing of any disease you must first regulation out several other different diseases that affect the organic structure in a similar manner. In making so you are able to name and handle the disease efficaciously utilizing the right pharmacological medicine, psychological science, or external aid. This is sometimes hard as they frequently present in this instance with muscular blowing particularly of the upper limbs which is the initial presentation in MND and ALS. Some of the differential diagnosing for ALS and MND are: Intramedullary tumour – See Appendix B. Cervical spondylosis – Cervical myelopathy – see Appendix B Peroneal muscular atrophy- see Appendix B Chronic polymyositis- see Appendix B Cervical rib- see Appendix B Peripheral nervus lesions- See Appendix B ( General Practice Notebook, 2012 ) Once all the differential diagnosing information has been correlated and ruled out it is so clip to look at the factors of MND and it variants that prevarication within the MND umbrella. There are assorted types of MND with ALS being the most outstanding and besides the 1 that appears to be speedy in oncoming therefore a rapid diagnosing eases the patients anxiousness and will besides give the patient the right pharmacological medicine and psychological science with support groups and healers to understand the forecast and the disease and its effects on the organic structure although everyone can bring forth different symptoms and no one individual has the same patterned advance through the disease it is in a sense individualised. MND has changing types under its umbrella some affect specific site and others whole countries of the nervousnesss. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ( ALS ) , both upper and lower motor neurone harm. Primary Lateral Sclerosis ( PLS ) , upper motor neurone harm entirely, Bulbar Palsy, the bulbar paralysiss Progressive Muscular Atrophy ( PMA ) , lower motor neurone harm entirely Epidemology of ALS ALS normally occurs between age 40 and 70, and 90 % of instances represent some signifier of MND disease. The incidence of the disease increases with each decennary, the mean age at oncoming is 63 old ages. The surveies of the addition of the disease are predominately due to one factor that we are all acquiring better wellness attention and that we are in the chief life thirster. Recent information has suggested that there may be some cultural variableness to the disease nevertheless there is still a lower incidence in non-whites or persons of assorted ethnicity. The male to female ratio is 1.3 in the ages between 40-70 but approaches equality at ages older than 70 old ages. ( Sharon M. Valente RN, 2007 ) ( Carmel Armon, n.d. ) The highest rate of ALS in the universe is Finland. There has been a recent survey in Finland to happen out why they have such high rates they found that a mutant in chromosome 9p21 as the major cause of familial ALS. Finland is non the lone state with a high rate Guam has a prevalence of 70 in every 100,00 this they believed was due to the toxins in the Cycad nut and the rhythm it went through to free it of the toxins. The nut was besides consumed by the Flying Fox ( a chiropteran ) which used to be portion of the diet. The toxins in the nut may hold been much more concentrated and as it was consumed it released the toxins. This statistic has been reduced as alterations in diet have occurred the people of Guam now have a prevalence of 7 in every 100,000. ( Sharon M. Valente RN, 2007 ) ( Carmel Armon, n.d. ) Aetiology of ALS: Between 5-10 % of instances are familial. 90-95 % of instances are sporadic. The mean oncoming for people with familial ALS is 10-20 old ages younger. The balance are sporadic. Diagnosis for this disease are blood trials, Electromyogram ( EMG ) , Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) and one time every other neurological disease has been rejected so the diagnosing will be of MND so depending on clinical presentation a unequivocal diagnosing of what type of MND will go on next. Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosiss: ALS is a disease of the Motor Neurones it is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease and it is fatal. There is no remedy for this disease and pharmacological medicine is limited to handling the symptoms as they occur. Famillia ALS is caused by a familial defect on chromosome 21 which is an enzyme ( an enzyme allows a cell to transport out chemical reactions really rapidly ) and helps destruct free groups ( Free groups take negatrons from the cells and do a batch of harm ) It is nevertheless non necessary to hold the faulty chromosome to develop ALS as non all bearers of the faulty chromesome contract the disease and people can contract the disease without a faulty chromesome. Sporadic ALS is mostly unknown in its cause nevertheless at that place have been links in the alterations to the organic structures nucleic acid through smoke have been shown to trip the disease oncoming. In ALS progressive musculus wasting predominately is found on the Lower motor neurones which reside in the anterior Grey horn of the spinal cord and in the encephalon root ( corticospinal ) . The upper Motor neurones predominately cause marking on the sidelong column of the spinal cord which may bring forth stiffness or abnormally active physiological reactions. There are instances although rare where the loss of prefrontal neurones may hold caused signifiers of cognitive damage. Although this is non typical in ALS as by and large there is no devolution of the five senses and these nervus cells remain integral. Nerve cell organic structures of the lower and upper motor neurone control the musculuss. The motor axons die by devolution and the larger motor neurones are affected to a higher extent than the smaller motor neurones. Equally long as the regeneration and devolution remains changeless so the nervus cell has the ability to maintain the motor neurones within normal bounds hence no symptoms will be evident, merely when the demand for regeneration of these cells can non fit the devolution it is so the first symptoms of ALS becomes apparent. The axon interruptions and the environing Schwann cells catabolise the axon ‘s medulla sheath and steep the axon interrupting it into fragments. The breakdown causes ovoids which are little compartments which contain the fragments of the axon the ovoids are so ingested and destroyed by the macrophages the hungry white blood cells who come en mass to clean up. This nevertheless leaves a grade on the country and if supply and demand for regeneration are non met this procedure so causes the wasting of the motor nervousnesss go forthing them denervated and unable to execute. There are as with all types of disease clinical manifestations in which we are able to name certain conditions non all of them present at one time and all varying in badness depending on the length of clip the patient has had the disease. Muscle failing is the primary mark of ALS with the musculus cramp and stiffness associated with musculus wast ing active nonvoluntary jerking a weakend clasp, slurred address, there is by and large no redness of the musculuss but the changeless vellication and contraction can do a batch of hurting. ALS begins in one limb before impacting the other limb. This disease can distribute through multiple sites on the organic structure and can impact the critical variety meats as they are made up of musculus tissue this is the terminal stages where the patient is unable to take a breath without the aid of a ventilator and as life anticipation for ALS is between 2-5 old ages it can be swift in oncoming. The pharmacological medicine for the patient was Riluzule in the early phases can decelerate down the devastation of the motor nerve cells as it is a neuroprotector, Baclofen is prescribed as a musculus relaxer which is used to handle the cramps and stiffness caused by the musculuss, Dantrolene is prescribed to handle long term musculus cramps and stiffness though it can besides do liver harm, Diazep am ( diazepam ) is prescribed for its ataractic consequence and helps command the musculus cramp and stiffness these along with other general medicines and with the aid of psychological, Physiotherapy, Occupational therapy and emotional support signifier household, friends and other bureaus all assist the patient with get bying with their ALS. As ambulance service there is small that can be done to assist the patient apart from doing them comfy. We can utilize Professional-Professional calls to the necessary adviser and inquire for advice as to the best attention for the patient and if we need to set up for the patient to be admitted into infirmary or whether organizing another carepathway would be suited. The carepathway could besides be used and was in this instance a call to the patients ‘ ain GP bespeaking them to see as this was the want of the patient and the household explicating what had happened. The usage of any analgetic drug for the hurting would hold to be discuss ed with the adviser as this may hold inauspicious effects on status or may hold contraindicators to drugs regime the patient was already on. Following the Care program that is in topographic point meant that although the patient had died we could still follow their wants. Pg1.APPENDIX A- The Nervous System The nervous system is the organic structure ‘s communicating web. It plays a critical function in keeping homeostasis and consists of a immense figure of cells called neurones. The nervous system can be split into two different divisions the Central Nervous System ( CNS ) which controls the encephalon and the spinal cord and the Peripheral Nervous System ( PNS ) which controls all the nervousnesss outside of the spinal cord and encephalon. The peripheral nervous system can be sub-divided into the motor or motorial tract and the sensory or afferent tract. The motor map is divided once more into- voluntary- controls motion of the musculuss and involuntary- which is portion of the autonomic nervous system that controls the cardiac musculus and its secretory organs, this system can be divided into two once more the sympathetic and parasympathetic. The nervous system is predominately made up of nervous tissue which consists of two types of cells- nervus cells or nerve cells and neuroglia, it besides includes the blood vass and the connective tissue. Nerve cells Nerve cells specialise in responding to physical or chemical stimulations from the alterations within their milieus. Nerve cells send and receive nervus urges. The construction of a nerve cell is like an arm with thenar and fingers. Dendrites are like your fingers projecting from the thenar of your manus they are little projections coming from the axon APPENDIX B INTRAMEDULLARY SPINAL CORD TUMORS Pain and failing are the most common presenting symptoms of intramedullary spinal cord tumours. Pain is frequently the earliest symptom, classically happening at dark when the patient is supine. The hurting is typically local over the degree of the tumour but may radiate.Progressive failing may happen in the weaponries ( cervical tumours ) or legs ( cervical, thoracic, conus tumours ) . Impaired intestine, vesica, or sexual map frequently occurs early. Patients may hold hapless balance. Rarely, symptoms of subarachnoid bleeding may be present. Examination may uncover a combination of upper and lower motor nerve cell marks. Lower motor marks may be at the degree of the lesion and may help in localisation. Other marks apparent upon physical scrutiny may include spine tenderness, stiffening of pace, trophic alterations of appendage, centripetal loss, hyperreflexia, clonus, and scoliosiscervical spondylosis – Cervical myelopathyCervical myelopathy occurs when terrible cervical spondylosis causes narrowing of the spinal canal ( besides known as stricture ) and compaction of t he spinal cord. When the spinal cord is compressed, it interferes with the signals that travel between your encephalon and the remainder of your organic structure. Symptoms can include: a deficiency of co-ordination, for illustration you may happen undertakings such as buttoning a shirt progressively hard, heaviness or failing in your weaponries or legs, jobs walking, less normally, intestine and urinary incontenance, centripetal loss is normally present but the upper limb failing and lower limb spasticity may be unusually similar to MND. MND has a more rapid myelopathy and cervical phonograph record bulge will be absent on X-ray. Occasionally, MND may co-exist with cervical spondylosis. cervical rib – fasciculation absent, hurting prominent, centripetal loss normally present, characteristic radiology peripheral nervus lesions – localised cachexia, normally accompanied by centripetal loss. peroneal muscular wasting – centripetal loss of the peripheral nervousnesss become damaged it can do the undermentioned symptoms: numbness and prickling in the pess and custodies a combustion, knifing or hiting hurting loss of co-ordination in the affected organic structure parts musculus failing chronic polymyositis – The history of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis typically includes the followers: Symmetrical, proximal musculus failing with insidious oncoming Muscles normally painless Myalgias occur in fewer than 30 % of patients. Dysphagia ( 30 % ) and aspiration, if pharyngeal and oesophageal musculuss are involved Arthralgias may be associated Trouble kneeling, mounting or falling stepss, stepping onto a kerb, raising weaponries, raising objects, combing hair, and originating from a seated place Weak cervix extensors cause trouble keeping the caput up Engagement of pelvic girdle normally greater than upper organic structure failing Cardiac engagement may do symptoms of pericarditis or myocardiopathy Characteristic roseola of face, bole, and custodies seen in dermatomyositis merely Patients with polymyositis normally present with symmetrical, proximal musculus failing in the upper and lower appendages. Weakness of cervix flexors besides occurs. Patients with polymyositis may describe musculus hurting and tenderness, which may be confused with symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica. The disease may be for several months before the patient seeks medical advice, and all of the musculuss of the thighs, bole, shoulders, hips, and upper weaponries are normally involved. Muscle failing may fluctuate from hebdomad to hebdomad or from month to month. Fine motor motions that depend on the strength of distal musculuss, such as buttoning a shirt, run uping, knitting, or authorship, are affected merely tardily in the disease. Dysphagia secondary to oropharyngeal and oesophageal engagement occurs in approximately one tierce of patients with polymyositis and is a hapless predictive mark. Dysphonia is besides a hapless predictive mark but is much less common. Ocular musculuss are ne'er involved in generalised polymyositis. However, stray orbital myositis, an inflammatory upset affecting the extraocular musculuss, is good described. Facial and bulbar musculus failing is highly rare in persons with polymyositis. A household history of neuromuscular disease, endocrinopathy, or exposure to myotoxic drugs or toxins is absent. differentiate by electromyography and musculus biopsy myasthenia gravis – bulbar marks but seldom muscular cachexia ; responds quickly to anticholinesterase

Death Of A Salesman by Arthur Miller Essay - 670 Words

Death Of A Salesman by Arthur Miller Willys character is one of a common man, he isnt anything special, nor ever was he. He chose to follow the American dream and he chose to lead the life it gave him. Willy made the American dream his culture, and the American dream made Willy its victim. The American dream is the belief that through sheer hard work alone, any man can gain professional success and thus receive personal gain (wealth, brand name goods etc.). Failure to fulfil the American dream, is failure in life. Willy Loman is stuck in a vicious cycle brought on by the American dream. He cannot bring himself to admit that he has failed as a salesman due to his self-pride; therefore he†¦show more content†¦Friendships and contacts are irrelevant, yet Willy cannot adjust to these changes in values that have occurred over time. Willys weakness, is his failure to understand how the business world works and learning to adapt to new changes in time. It isnt about having contacts and being liked, it is about being diligent and ruthless; Business is business. Willys failure to adapt is proven in Howards office: In those days, there was personality in it, Howard. There was respect, and gratitude in it. Today, its all cut and dried, and theres no chance for friendship to bear - or personality. What he says, proves that he cannot adapt to change, and will never succeed in becoming the successful businessman that he has tried to be all his life. Willy wants to prove himself through success as a salesman, but as he fails, his own life destroys him. Willy Loman is a victim of the American dream and capitalism. The American dream sucks people in and doesnt let them leave. The American dream becomes the American cult. This cult will entice people in by promising them riches and success and then wont let them leave simply because it states that if you quit a job you become a quitter and, according to the American dream, quitters are failures. Willy Loman is a victim of his own determination. Willy fails toShow MoreRelatedDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1387 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican play-write Arthur Miller, is undoubtedly Death of a Salesman. Arthur Miller wrote Death of a Salesman in 1949 at the time when America was evolving into an economic powerhouse. Arthur Miller critiques the system of capitalism and he also tells of the reality of the American Dream. Not only does he do these things, but he brings to light the idea of the dysfunctional family. Death of a Salesman is one of America’s saddest tragedies. 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Westward Expansion During The 1800 S - 1577 Words

Westward expansion during the 1800’s became the focus of American idealism. Initially, the desire and then the ability to reach the Pacific were paramount. Hawaii is a group of islands in the Central Pacific. Today, tourists from all around the world are attracted to the islands for its tropical weather, its beaches, and for relaxing vacations. In the late 1800’s, the United States was very interested in Hawaii, but for drastically different reasons. It was not attracted to Hawaii because of its potential tourist attractions, but it was interested in the strategic location of Hawaii, using the islands as a foothold to cross the Pacific. The US was afraid that European Countries would seize Hawaii, making America more vulnerable. The United States annexed Hawaii due to a belief in Romantic Nationalism, and to secure its strategic location in the Pacific making it less vulnerable to European countries so that their desire for more land would be fulfilled. 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Americans traveled west for more land and opportunityRead MoreEssay about Territorial Expansion1635 Words   |  7 PagesTerritorial Expansion Almost all people have, at one stage or another in their history felt and expressed the need to extend their territory and also to explain and justify their need both to the world and to themselves. ( John A. Hawgood, Manifest Destiny, p126) When North America was first being colonised in the early 17th century, the settlers made their home along the coasts of the ocean and the shores of the nearby rivers. Nevertheless, as the population kept growing, adventurersRead MoreManifest Destiny And American Territorial Expansion Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesManifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny and American Territorial Expansion, written by Amy S. Greenburg, deeply explains the motivation of the individuals looking to expand their settlements westward. Since the time of publication, we have realized that we could have handled the situation, in which we removed the inhabitants of the west from their homeland, in a better way. Americans believed that it was their God-given right to expand westward by destroying anything in their path. â€Å"†¦courageous pioneers

The Threat Of Environmental Harm - 1255 Words

The doubt surrounding possible threats to environment has often been used as a reason to avoid taking action to protect the environment. However, it is not always possible to have clear evidence of a threat to the environment before the damage happens. The Precautionary Principle has been widely incorporated, in various forms, in international environmental agreements and declarations and further developed in a number of national laws. An element common to the various formulations of the Precautionary Principle is the recognition that lack of certainty regarding the threat of environmental harm should not be used as an excuse for not taking action to avert that threat. The Precautionary Principle recognizes that delaying action until there†¦show more content†¦The term Precautionary Principle has been used throughout these guidelines for consistency. Finally, it must be borne in mind that the precautionary principle is generally only relevant where specific elements are pr esent. These specific elements are uncertainty, threat of environmental damage, and where the threatened harm is of a serious or irreversible nature. Fracking is shorthand for hydraulic fracturing, a type of drilling that has been used commercially for 65 years. Today, the combination of advanced hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, employing cutting-edge technologies, is mostly responsible for surging U.S. oil and natural gas production. Hydraulic fracturing involves safely tapping shale and other tight-rock formations by drilling a mile or more below the surface before gradually turning horizontal and continuing several thousand feet more. Thus, a single surface site can accommodate a number of wells. 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Life Is a Journey vs Life Is a Game free essay sample

The Family, he discusses how metaphors have shaped our moral and political views. He compares the The Strict Father Model to The Nation-as-a-Family and explains the role they have in shaping our nations political views. This comparison encouraged me to analyze other metaphors that seem similar, but are In fact viewed very differently.For this example, we will compare Life Is a Journey errors Life Is a Game -? both refer to life, but are very different. Are we In control or is there a set design for our lives? Although these two metaphors are different, they do have quite a few similarities and will like to explore all sides of them. Life is a Journey Life Itself has many twists and turns and perhaps there are no right or wrong turns. Weve heard many metaphors used to describe ones Journey through life, such as, l feel lost, Im finally on the right path, and Im at a crossroad In my life. Life Itself has many metaphors. All of which are great, but I feel that Journey Is the most common and popular. The definition of journey is an act to travel from one place to another; a trip. (precautionary. Com) So, if life is a journey, are we in control of getting to our destination? There are several books that discuss the power of change and claim that it starts with us, and that our thoughts are the problem and simultaneously the solution. The first example used is the book The Secret by Rwanda Byrne.In this piece of literature she places emphasis on the power of positive thought. She states: you too can have It all. If you shift your way of thinking in a positive direction, you can achieve all things big or small, its up to you. She explains that we have been in the drivers seat the whole time, and that our reality is shaped by what we think, feel and say. If there is an area one is not content with, he or she has the will to change it. You are, after all, the driver of your vehicle and responsible for your own destiny.Many times people have felt hopeless, lost, sad, angry and lonely. These are all common feelings, but there Is comfort In knowing that we have the power to change these negative emotions. It Is a powerful feeling to know that you can obtain anything you desire in life. Thinking positive isnt always ass, but it is important to realize that change starts with you. There is no pre- determined road map for life and we may get lost a few times along the way, but there can be such valuable lessons learned through taking these wrong turns in life; its how you choose to look at It.Take my life for example I took a class at National university over ten years ago. Unfortunately, I lacked direction and decided to withdraw from the class, leaving me with a failing grade. I felt at the time it was not the right path for me and that I wouldnt regret my decision. I was unaware of the percussions I would face later in life when attempting to return to school, and how that one class would affect my acceptance back into the university. Thankfully it worked out, but I had to overcome a few obstacles. The decisions we make in our life can, and will, follow us throughout life. Sometimes the best lessons are the ones you Motor Company was a success or that Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard to start a failing business called Tara-O-Data? These two and many like them failed numerous times in life, but persevered and did not let those failures define them or keep them room being successful. Failure is a part of life and should be viewed as a pit stop along lifes Journey. In order to know where you want to go, you must know where youve been. Taking a wrong turn in life can often take us to the right place. The Joy lies truly in the Journey, not the ultimate destination.Life is a Game Life is a Game has some of the same concepts as Life is a Journey, but can be viewed very differently. Viewing life as a game can impact the way we think about our lives. You may feel that life is a game and that you are always competing; or that the decisions ere already made for you before you were born, and youre simply playing the cards you were dealt. Either way, thinking about life as a game can be very powerful and living life as though the book is already written has its own positive effects. It depends on how we choose to view it.Id like to discuss a few examples, evaluating different aspects of life as a game. The first example will use a sports team and the way the key player on the team views life as a game. This person may go through life making sure they are the one who makes all the plays and scores the most points. This type of person views life as a competition. Im sure we have come in contact with someone like this at one time or another in our life someone who always has to be right, makes all the decisions and is incapable of compromise. This may not necessarily be a bad thing.This person is usually a doer. They make things happen and are capable of making fast decisions that usually workout perfectly. However, it can make it a bit difficult for those around them at times. Its important to allow others to shine every now and again, even if only periodic. However, there are others that go through life with the only playing the cards they are dealt attitude, feeling s if their destiny is predetermined. Of course there are certain aspects of life which we have no control over such as, race, gender, eye color, height, what country you were born in, or who your parents are.These are things we all must accept about ourselves. However, some take it to an extreme by using them as an excuse to explain the lack of opportunities coming their way, or by attempting to use them to Justify not having what others have. Its easier to say you dont have a choice, than to put in the hard work and do something to change it. Once again, this isnt necessarily a bad thing. There are some people who were born more fortunate and should embrace and love every minute of it. So long as you are satisfied with your reality, you shouldnt try to change it. It is shameful for one to do nothing when unhappy, and simply blame everything on a predetermined fate. Life is too short to be unhappy. On the contrary, some people are born into a culture or religion that tells them their place in life was predetermined. For example, the Hindus believe that a persons caste in life is based on social order, rather than personality or of personal doing, and based on skills given to you before birth. The skills and caste you are given are solely based on the karma one put out in their previous life.This is preordained and you must play the cards you were dealt and perhaps hope for a better hand the next go around (consider attempt instead of go around). For some people this is the only way of life they are accustomed to, and couldnt fathom feeling like they are in control away from those beliefs could be very difficult. I do believe this to be the true definition of playing the cards you are dealt. There are many metaphors for life and they do collide at times. We are all born with a certain hand of cards to play some utter than others, but we do have control of our lives.Its important to embrace both ways of thinking, finding the balance between feeling in control and still holding on to the gifts and beliefs you were born with. These metaphors have a powerful affect on our lives. They shape the way we make decisions everyday; from the food we eat, to the clothes we wear, to the people we interact with and the Jobs we have. Some feel as though they have a choice about each and every decision they make and that they are the creators of their destiny, while others may feel as though they have no control over the life they live. Whether it is religious beliefs or Just personal, they live feeling as though this is the way life is supposed to be. There is no right or wrong way of thinking, and thats the beauty of the world we live in. Whether these are your beliefs or the beliefs that you were raised to conform to, they are yours and do in fact shape your reality. So the next time youre making a decision, ask yourself how it will affect your future? Is it a choice youve made for yourself or is it a decision made for you? Knowing the answer to these questions will give you an insight into which metaphor is closer to your own beliefs.